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Category: Review Articles

Review Articles

Overview of preoperative fasting for general anaesthesia

The primary goal of fasting prior to general anaesthesia is to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration, displacement of gastric contents into the lungs. As gastric volume, alongside patient age, current medications …

Review Articles

Prognostic and predictive clinical, pathological, and molecular biomarkers in metastatic colorectal carcinoma – a review

Ongoing research increasingly reveals that metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC) is a highly heterogeneous entity. Despite extension of the median survival of mCRC patients due to advances in therapeutic options available, further improvement …

Articles / Review Articles

Molecular Mechanism of Depression: A narrative review of the leading neurobiological theories of Depression

Affective disorders, notably major depression and anxiety, are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in society today, with the prevalence of depression estimated to be 10-16% in the general …

Review Articles

A review of the resistance mechanisms underlying dabrafenib/trametinib combined therapy in the treatment of BRAF mutant metastatic melanoma

Abstract Background: BRAF mutant metastatic melanoma treatment is most effective when it targets the changes induced within the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cas-cade. However, due to the cancer’s heterogeneous nature, …

Review Articles

Sickle Cell Disease and Hydroxyurea Treatment

Abstract Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder impacting the patient’s haemoglobin. This condition is accompanied by many dangerous phenotypes, which are the result of pathological haemoglobin polymerisation …

Review Articles

Novel neuroprotective pathways of remote ischaemic post-conditioning in models of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury

Abstract Introduction: This article aims to provide a narrative review of the most recent primary literature on the pathways associated with the neuroprotective effects of remote ischaemic post-conditioning (RIPC) in …

Review Articles

Effects of subchorionic haematoma on pregnancy outcomes

Introduction: Subchorionic haematoma (SCH) is the most common ultrasound abnormality found in women with symptoms of threatened miscarriage. It refers to a collection of blood between the chorionic membrane and …

Review Articles

MicroRNA-34a: a novel treatment approach for hepatocellular carcinoma

Aim:  To ascertain the function of miRNA-34a in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to assess its use as a therapeutic agent through the analysis of pre-clinical and clinical trials.   Discussion: …

Review Articles

Imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia caused by Bcr-Abl kinase domain and non-Bcr-Abl mutations: a comparison and review.

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder caused by BCR-ABL1 igureusion encoding for a tyrosine kinase oncoprotein. Since the introduction of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), imatinib, in 2000, …

Review Articles

Hepatocellular carcinoma: the potential for an effective genetic screening test

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide contributing to approximately 600,000 deaths each year with this number on the rise in the developing world. The aetiology of …

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