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Review Articles
Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a significant global health burden. Approximately 25 percent of HNSCC cases are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). These particular cancers of viral aetiology have been found to have distinct characteristics in regards to presentation, treatment and prognosis. Current advances in vaccinology have the capability to drastically [...]
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James Cook University
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder which affects a significant number of premenopausal women in Australia. PCOS has long-term clinical implications which can lead to decreased quality of life and psychological morbidity. A major contributing factor to this is the impact of PCOS on a woman’s fertility. However, there are a number [...]
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New South Wales
Hypovolaemia is the leading cause of circulatory failure in children. Effective fluid resuscitation is a mainstay of patient management and is dependent on accurate detection of blood loss or volume depletion. Calculation of blood volume in children is based on age, weight and clinical physiology and the estimation of the volume of blood lost requires [...]
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University of Sydney
Background: Concussion is an injury that is associated with many sports, in particular ice hockey, martial arts and the various codes of football. Concussion alters the stability of a person and as stability is vital when playing sports, the consequences of undiagnosed and untreated concussions are enormous. Aim: To look at various methods used to [...]
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University of Notre Dame (Sydney)
Background: Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in children and two vaccines to prevent rotavirus infection have been licensed since 2006. The World Health Organisation recommends the inclusion of rotavirus vaccination of infants in all national immunisation programs. Aim: To review current literature evaluating the global impact of rotavirus immunisation programs over [...]
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James Cook University, Monash University
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD), an autoimmune reaction to an infection of rheumatogenic group A streptococcus bacteria, is characterised primarily by progressive and permanent heart valvular lesions, although other parts of the heart may be affected. Despite an overall decrease in the incidence of RHD in developed countries, it remains a pertinent health issue with high [...]
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James Cook University
Abstract Prostate cancer is the most common internal cancer in Australian men. Whilst recent trends demonstrate stabilising incidence and decreasing mortality rates, it remains a major health burden for Australian men and requires continued action. This report outlines the status of prostate cancer in Australia’s health care system, both past and present, and analyses the [...]
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Bond University, Monash University
Abstract Hand hygiene (HH) is today recognised as being the most important factor in preventing the spread of infections; however, adequate compliance with this remains unacceptably low amongst healthcare workers (HCWs). One of the leading products in the push for successful HH is the alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR), which currently exists as a ubiquitous item [...]
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University of Tasmania
Aim: To conduct a review of the literature to evaluate whether stethoscopes constitute a clinically significant vector of healthcareassociated infection, and to explore the behaviour, attitudes and beliefs about stethoscope hygiene amongst medical students. Methods: Section one: PubMed was searched for empirical studies written in English, published before 1 May 2010, dealing with colonisation rates [...]
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James Cook University
Aim: The aim of this review is to emphasise the global significance of Hepatitis B (HBV) and its vertical transmission, and to summarise the current status of preventative strategies. Methods: A literature review was carried out. PubMed, The Cochrane Collaboration and Medline were searched for both primary studies and reviews pertaining to vertical HBV transmission, [...]
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James Cook University
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